Chest X-Ray

A medical imaging technique used to view the chest.

Template:Infobox medical imaging

A chest X-ray (CXR) is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are among the most common films taken in medicine.

Indications

Chest X-rays are used to evaluate the lungs, heart, and chest wall. They are commonly used to help diagnose:

• Pneumonia
• Heart failure
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural effusion
• Lung cancer
• Tuberculosis

Technique

The standard views in a chest X-ray are the posteroanterior (PA) and lateral views. In the PA view, the X-ray beam passes from the back to the front of the chest, and the patient stands facing the film. In the lateral view, the X-ray beam passes from one side of the chest to the other.

Patient Preparation

Patients are usually asked to remove clothing and jewelry from the waist up and wear a hospital gown. They are instructed to take a deep breath and hold it during the X-ray to improve the quality of the image.

Interpretation

Interpreting a chest X-ray requires a systematic approach. Radiologists often use the "ABCDE" method:

• Airway: Check for tracheal deviation.
• Breathing: Evaluate lung fields and pleura.
• Circulation: Assess the heart size and shape.
• Diaphragm: Look for elevation or flattening.
• External structures and equipment: Identify any foreign objects or medical devices.

Limitations

While chest X-rays are useful for many conditions, they have limitations. Small lesions may not be visible, and some conditions may require further imaging, such as a CT scan or MRI.

Risks

The radiation dose from a chest X-ray is relatively low, but repeated exposure should be minimized. Pregnant women are generally advised to avoid X-rays unless absolutely necessary.

History

The chest X-ray has been a fundamental tool in medicine since the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895. It has evolved with advancements in technology, including digital radiography.

Also see

• Radiology
• Medical imaging
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Ultrasound