Chlamydophila felis

Chlamydophila felis

Chlamydophila felis is a species of bacteria that primarily infects cats, causing a condition known as feline chlamydiosis. This bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only reproduce within the cells of a host organism. It is a member of the family Chlamydiaceae, which includes other species that can infect humans and animals.

Taxonomy and Classification

Chlamydophila felis was previously classified under the genus Chlamydia as Chlamydia psittaci var. felis. However, advances in molecular biology and genetic sequencing led to a reclassification, and it is now recognized as a distinct species within the genus Chlamydophila.

Pathogenesis

Chlamydophila felis primarily affects the respiratory system of cats. It is known to cause conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and sometimes pneumonia. The bacterium is transmitted through direct contact with infected secretions, such as ocular or nasal discharge. Kittens and young cats are particularly susceptible to infection.

Clinical Signs

The most common clinical signs of infection with Chlamydophila felis include:

• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, leading to redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes.
• Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, causing sneezing and nasal discharge.
• Mild fever and lethargy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Chlamydophila felis infection is typically based on clinical signs and can be confirmed through laboratory tests such as:

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing to detect bacterial DNA.
• Serology to identify antibodies against the bacterium.
• Culture of the organism from ocular or nasal swabs.

Treatment

Treatment of Chlamydophila felis infection involves the use of antibiotics. Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline, are commonly used and are effective in treating the infection. Supportive care, including cleaning of ocular and nasal discharge, may also be necessary.

Prevention

Vaccination is available for Chlamydophila felis and is recommended for cats at risk of exposure, such as those in multi-cat households or shelters. Good hygiene practices and isolation of infected animals can help prevent the spread of the bacterium.

Also see

• Chlamydia (genus)
• Feline respiratory disease complex
• Conjunctivitis in animals
• Bacterial infections in cats