Microvesicle

Microvesicle

A Microvesicle is a type of extracellular vesicle that is released from the cell during cell activation or apoptosis. They are typically 100-1000 nanometers in diameter and contain various types of cellular materials including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Formation

Microvesicles are formed through the outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane. This process is distinct from the formation of other types of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, which are formed within the cell and then released. The formation of microvesicles is often triggered by cellular stress or activation signals.

Composition

The composition of microvesicles can vary depending on the type of cell from which they originate. They typically contain a variety of cellular materials, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Some microvesicles also contain cytosolic components, such as enzymes or cytoskeletal proteins.

Function

Microvesicles play a role in a variety of biological processes. They can facilitate cell-to-cell communication by transferring their contents from one cell to another. They can also contribute to the spread of disease, as some viruses and bacteria can use microvesicles to transfer their genetic material between cells. In addition, microvesicles can have a role in immune response, coagulation, and inflammation.

Clinical significance

Microvesicles have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. They can serve as biomarkers for these and other diseases, as changes in their number or composition can indicate disease presence or progression. In addition, microvesicles are being explored as potential therapeutic targets or vehicles for drug delivery.

See also

• Extracellular vesicle
• Exosome
• Apoptosis
• Cell membrane