Levoamphetamine

L-amphetamine.svg

Levoamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and one of the two enantiomers of the compound amphetamine. The other enantiomer is dextroamphetamine. Levoamphetamine is the levorotatory stereoisomer of amphetamine, meaning it rotates plane-polarized light to the left.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Levoamphetamine has the chemical formula C9H13N and a molecular weight of 135.21 g/mol. It is a member of the phenethylamine class and is structurally similar to other stimulants such as methamphetamine and ephedrine.

Pharmacology

Levoamphetamine acts primarily by increasing the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. This leads to increased arousal, concentration, and energy levels. It is less potent than dextroamphetamine in terms of its CNS stimulant effects but has a more pronounced effect on the peripheral nervous system.

Medical Uses

Levoamphetamine is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is often found in combination with dextroamphetamine in medications such as Adderall, which is used to treat these conditions.

Side Effects

Common side effects of levoamphetamine include insomnia, dry mouth, loss of appetite, and increased heart rate. More severe side effects can include hypertension, tachycardia, and psychosis.

Legal Status

Levoamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, indicating it has a high potential for abuse and dependence but also has accepted medical uses.

History

Levoamphetamine was first synthesized in the late 19th century and has been used medically since the 1930s. It gained popularity during World War II for its stimulant effects, which were used to keep soldiers alert.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• Dextroamphetamine
• Adderall
• Central nervous system stimulant
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Narcolepsy