Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are a type of T cell that play a key role in the immune system, particularly in the eradication of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses. They are also known as killer T cells and are able to induce the death of infected somatic or tumor cells; they cause death through the delivery of lethal hits to the target cell.

Function

Cytotoxic T cells are able to recognize antigens on the surface of cells. If the antigen is one that the T cell has been programmed to identify, it binds to the infected cell and releases chemicals that destroy it. This process is known as cell-mediated immunity.

Activation

Cytotoxic T cells are activated when they come into contact with MHC class I molecules on the surface of cells. These molecules present antigens from within the cell to the T cell. If the T cell recognizes the antigen, it becomes activated and begins to divide.

Role in disease

Cytotoxic T cells play a crucial role in the control of viral infections. They are able to recognize and kill cells infected with viruses, preventing the spread of the infection. They also play a role in the control of tumor growth, as they are able to recognize and kill tumor cells.

However, in some cases, cytotoxic T cells can contribute to disease. For example, in autoimmune disease, cytotoxic T cells may mistakenly recognize and destroy healthy cells.

See also

• T cell
• Immune system
• Antigen
• MHC class I
• Cell-mediated immunity
• Autoimmune disease

References

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte Resources
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