DXA

DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) is a medical diagnostic technique that measures bone mineral density (BMD). It is most commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition that often affects women after menopause but may also be found in men and may occur in anyone in the presence of certain hormonal disorders, diseases of malnutrition, or certain medications.

Overview

DXA uses X-rays to measure the amount of calcium and other minerals in a specific region of the bone. The measurements, which are recorded in grams per square centimeter (g/cm2), are used to evaluate bone health. The higher the mineral content, the denser the bones are. Dense bones are stronger and less likely to break.

Procedure

During a DXA test, the patient lies on a padded table while a large scanning arm passes over their body. The scanner sends low-dose X-rays with two distinct energy peaks through the bones being examined. One peak is absorbed mainly by soft tissue and the other by bone. The soft tissue amount can be subtracted from the total and what remains is a patient's bone mineral density.

Uses

DXA scans are used to measure bone mineral density and compare it to the norm for the patient's age, sex, and size. The test can diagnose osteoporosis, assess an individual's risk for developing fractures, and monitor changes in bone density over time.

Risks

DXA scans are a quick and simple procedure. They are non-invasive and painless, and expose patients to a minimal amount of radiation.

See Also

• Osteoporosis
• Bone mineral density
• X-ray

DXA Resources
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