Eating disorder not otherwise specified

Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) is a category used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for disorders of eating that do not meet the criteria for any specific eating disorder. This classification recognizes the diversity and complexity of eating disorder presentations, acknowledging that not all individuals will fit neatly into the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. EDNOS was more prominently used in the DSM-IV but has since been replaced by the term Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) in the DSM-5.

Definition and Criteria[edit | edit source]

EDNOS encompasses a wide range of eating disorder symptoms that are significant enough to warrant a diagnosis but do not align with the strict criteria of other eating disorders. Examples include individuals who exhibit all the signs of anorexia nervosa but still maintain a weight within or above the normal range, or those who engage in binge eating or purging behaviors less frequently than required for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

Signs and Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The signs and symptoms of EDNOS can vary widely depending on the specific behaviors involved. Common signs may include, but are not limited to, obsessive concern with body weight and shape, extreme dieting, binge eating, purging behaviors (such as vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics), and excessive exercise. Emotional and psychological symptoms may include distress or excessive concern about eating, body shape, or weight.

Health Risks[edit | edit source]

The health risks associated with EDNOS are similar to those of other eating disorders and can be severe or life-threatening. They may include malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular issues, and psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for EDNOS is tailored to the individual's specific symptoms and may include a combination of psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and, in some cases, medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to address the underlying psychological issues related to the eating disorder. Family-based therapy (FBT) may also be effective, especially for adolescents.

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

EDNOS is believed to be the most common eating disorder, even more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It affects individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Due to its broad and inclusive nature, accurate statistics on its prevalence are difficult to determine.

History[edit | edit source]

The term EDNOS was introduced in the DSM-IV to account for cases that did not meet the strict criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. With the publication of the DSM-5, the category was replaced by OSFED in an effort to more accurately describe the range of symptoms and behaviors that individuals may exhibit.