Elasmobranch

Elasmobranch is a subclass of Chondrichthyes, or cartilaginous fish, that includes the sharks, rays, and skates. Elasmobranchs are characterized by their cartilaginous skeletons, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

Anatomy and Physiology

Elasmobranchs have a skeleton made of cartilage, a flexible and durable material that is lighter than bone. This allows for greater buoyancy and maneuverability in the water. They also have a unique skin structure, covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal denticles, which reduce drag and protect against parasites and damage.

Elasmobranchs have five to seven pairs of gill slits, unlike most fish, which have just one pair. These gill slits are used for respiration; water is taken in through the mouth and expelled through the gill slits, with oxygen being extracted and carbon dioxide being expelled.

Reproduction

Elasmobranchs exhibit a variety of reproductive strategies. Some species lay eggs (oviparity), while others give live birth (viviparity). In some species, the embryos are nourished by a yolk sac (lecithotrophy), while in others, the embryos are nourished by the mother's body (matrotrophy).

Conservation

Many species of elasmobranchs are threatened by overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change. Conservation efforts are focused on sustainable fishing practices, habitat protection, and public education about the importance of these species to marine ecosystems.

See Also

• Chondrichthyes
• Sharks
• Rays
• Skates

Elasmobranch Resources
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