Epidermal cell

Epidermal cell is a type of cell that makes up the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These cells play a crucial role in the body's barrier function, protecting against environmental damage, pathogens, and water loss.

Structure

Epidermal cells are primarily composed of keratinocytes, which produce the protein keratin. This protein provides strength and durability to the skin. Other types of cells found in the epidermis include melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin, and Langerhans cells, which are involved in the immune response.

Function

The primary function of epidermal cells is to form a barrier against the external environment. This barrier function is achieved through a process known as keratinization, in which keratinocytes at the base of the epidermis proliferate and move towards the surface, undergoing a series of changes that result in the formation of a tough, waterproof layer of dead cells.

In addition to their barrier function, epidermal cells also play a role in the immune response. Langerhans cells, for example, are able to capture and present antigens to T cells, triggering an immune response.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in epidermal cells can lead to a variety of skin conditions. For example, overproduction of melanin by melanocytes can result in hyperpigmentation, while a lack of melanin can lead to hypopigmentation. Similarly, an overproduction of keratinocytes can lead to conditions such as psoriasis and skin cancer.

See also

• Dermis
• Skin
• Keratin
• Melanin