External otitis

External otitis (also known as Swimmer's ear) is an infection of the outer ear canal. It is often caused by water that remains in the ear after swimming, creating a moist environment that promotes bacterial growth.

Causes

The most common cause of external otitis is bacterial infection, particularly from species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Other causes can include fungal infection, allergic reaction, or irritation from devices inserted into the ear, such as hearing aids or ear plugs.

Symptoms

Symptoms of external otitis can include:

• Pain in the ear (otalgia)
• Itching in the ear canal
• Redness and swelling of the ear
• Discharge from the ear
• Hearing loss

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of external otitis is typically based on the symptoms and physical examination of the ear. The doctor may use an otoscope to look into the ear canal and check for redness, swelling, and discharge. In some cases, a sample of the discharge may be taken for laboratory testing to identify the specific bacteria or fungus causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for external otitis usually involves antibiotic ear drops to kill the bacteria or fungus. If the ear canal is very swollen, a wick may be inserted into the ear to help the drops reach further into the canal. Pain can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, and the ear should be kept dry to help prevent further infection.

Prevention

Prevention of external otitis can include:

• Drying the ears thoroughly after swimming or showering
• Avoiding swimming in polluted water
• Not inserting objects into the ear canal
• Using a swimming cap or ear plugs when swimming

See also

• Otitis media
• Ear infection
• Swimmer's ear

External otitis Resources
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