Fetology

Fetology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of the fetus within the womb. It encompasses various aspects of fetal development, diagnosis, and therapy. Fetology is a sub-specialty of obstetrics and gynecology and often involves collaboration with other medical fields such as pediatrics, genetics, and radiology.

History

The field of fetology has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Advances in ultrasound technology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed for more detailed visualization of the fetus, leading to better diagnostic capabilities. The development of fetal surgery has also been a major milestone, allowing for the treatment of certain congenital conditions before birth.

Diagnostic Techniques

Fetology employs various diagnostic techniques to monitor and assess fetal health:

• Ultrasound: A primary tool for visualizing the fetus and assessing its development.
• Amniocentesis: A procedure where a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted for genetic testing.
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): A test that involves taking a sample of placental tissue to detect genetic abnormalities.
• Fetal echocardiography: An ultrasound specifically focused on the fetal heart to detect congenital heart defects.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Used for detailed imaging of fetal structures and abnormalities.

Fetal Therapy

Fetal therapy includes a range of interventions aimed at treating conditions before birth:

• Fetal surgery: Surgical procedures performed on the fetus to correct congenital anomalies.
• Intrauterine transfusion: A procedure to treat fetal anemia by transfusing blood directly into the fetal circulation.
• Fetal medication: Administration of drugs to the fetus to treat conditions such as fetal arrhythmias or infections.

Common Conditions Managed in Fetology

Fetologists manage a variety of fetal conditions, including:

• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
• Spina bifida
• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)
• Fetal anemia
• Congenital heart defects

Training and Certification

Fetologists typically undergo extensive training, including:

• Medical school
• Residency in obstetrics and gynecology
• Fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine or fetal surgery

Related Pages

• Obstetrics
• Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Genetics
• Radiology
• Fetal surgery
• Ultrasound
• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic villus sampling
• Fetal echocardiography
• Magnetic resonance imaging