Fibrous astrocyte

Fibrous Astrocyte

A Fibrous Astrocyte is a type of astrocyte, which is a subtype of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Fibrous astrocytes are primarily found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. They play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS and supporting the function of neurons.

Structure

Fibrous astrocytes are characterized by their long, thin, and heavily myelinated processes. These processes are in contact with blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, including endothelial cells, pericytes, and the basement membrane. The cell body of a fibrous astrocyte is smaller and less complex than that of its counterpart, the protoplasmic astrocyte.

Function

Fibrous astrocytes perform several essential functions in the CNS. They contribute to the formation and maintenance of the BBB, regulate the extracellular space ion and neurotransmitter concentrations, and provide metabolic support to neurons. They also participate in the response to CNS injury and disease, a process known as reactive gliosis.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in fibrous astrocyte function or number can contribute to various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and glioma, a type of brain tumor. Research is ongoing to understand the role of fibrous astrocytes in these conditions and to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.

See Also

• Astrocyte
• Protoplasmic Astrocyte
• Glial Cells
• Central Nervous System
• Blood-Brain Barrier
• Reactive Gliosis