Four Score

Four Score is a term most famously associated with the Gettysburg Address, a speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War. The phrase "four score and seven years ago" refers to 87 years prior to Lincoln's speech, pointing to the year 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed, marking the birth of the United States of America. In this context, a "score" is an old English term for the number twenty; thus, four score equals eighty.

Background

The Gettysburg Address was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the decisive battle of Gettysburg. The battle, which took place from July 1 to July 3, 1863, was one of the bloodiest in the Civil War and is often considered the war's turning point. Lincoln's speech sought to redefine the purpose of the war, emphasizing the principles of human equality and the need for national unity.

Text and Analysis

The opening phrase of the Gettysburg Address, "Four score and seven years ago," immediately draws the listener's attention to the historical significance of the moment. By referencing the year of the Declaration of Independence, Lincoln underscores the idea that the Civil War is a test of the nation's commitment to the principles of liberty and equality for all. The speech is remarkably concise, consisting of just 272 words, yet it is considered one of the greatest speeches in American history for its profound message and emotional depth.

Legacy

The legacy of the Gettysburg Address, and particularly the phrase "four score and seven years ago," endures in American culture and history. The speech has been memorized, recited, and analyzed by generations of Americans. It is seen as a reaffirmation of American values and a reminder of the sacrifices made for freedom and equality. The Gettysburg Address is often cited as a pivotal moment in the nation's history, symbolizing hope and healing during one of its darkest hours.

See Also

• Abraham Lincoln
• Gettysburg Address
• American Civil War
• Declaration of Independence