Fox–Fordyce disease

Fox–Fordyce disease is a rare, chronic skin disorder that primarily affects women, typically between the ages of 13 and 35. The condition is characterized by the development of itchy, skin-colored to slightly red papules, primarily in areas where apocrine sweat glands are located, such as the underarms, pubic region, and around the nipples.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of Fox–Fordyce disease include:

• Intense itching (pruritus)
• Small, raised papules that are skin-colored or slightly red
• Dry skin in the affected areas
• Reduced sweating in the affected areas

Causes

The exact cause of Fox–Fordyce disease is not well understood. It is believed to be related to the blockage of apocrine sweat glands, which leads to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms. Hormonal factors may also play a role, as the condition often appears during puberty and can fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Fox–Fordyce disease is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the characteristic papules and the areas of the body affected. A dermatologist may perform a skin biopsy to rule out other conditions with similar presentations, such as hidradenitis suppurativa or lichen planus.

Treatment

There is no definitive cure for Fox–Fordyce disease, but several treatments can help manage the symptoms:

• Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching
• Topical retinoids to help normalize skin cell turnover
• Oral contraceptives or other hormonal treatments to manage hormonal influences
• Laser hair removal to reduce irritation from hair follicles

Prognosis

Fox–Fordyce disease is a chronic condition that can persist for many years. Symptoms may fluctuate, with periods of remission and exacerbation. While the condition is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact the quality of life due to the intense itching and discomfort.

Related Pages

• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Lichen planus
• Pruritus
• Dermatology