Fret

frets, guitar neck, C-major chord

Saz frets

Fret refers to a technique used in playing stringed musical instruments, such as guitar, bass guitar, mandolin, and banjo, among others. A fret is also a physical component of these instruments, being the raised element usually made of metal embedded along the fretboard or fingerboard. The primary function of frets is to divide the neck of the instrument into fixed segments at intervals related to a musical framework, enabling the player to produce different pitches by pressing strings down against the fretboard behind the frets.

Overview

When a string is pressed against the fretboard just behind a fret, it effectively shortens the vibrating length of the string, raising its pitch. The placement of frets on the fretboard is calculated based on a specific mathematical formula, typically the equal temperament scale, to allow the playing of all half steps within an octave. This system enables musicians to play music in various keys with precision and consistency.

History

The concept of frets is ancient, with early versions appearing on instruments dating back thousands of years. Initially, frets were made of materials like gut or wood, tied around the neck of instruments. The modern metal frets began to be widely used in the 19th century as instrument construction evolved.

Types of Frets

There are several types of frets, including:

- Standard Frets: These are the most common type of frets found on most stringed instruments. They are small metal bars that run across the fretboard. - Jumbo Frets: Larger and taller than standard frets, jumbo frets allow for a stronger grip on the string, which can facilitate bending and vibrato techniques. - Zero Fret: Positioned just before the nut, a zero fret is intended to maintain consistent action across all strings by taking on the role of the nut for string height. - Fanned Frets: These are used on some modern guitars to offer different scale lengths for each string, improving intonation and comfort.

Techniques

Playing techniques related to frets include:

- Fretting: The action of pressing a string down behind a fret to change the pitch of the note. - Hammer-ons and Pull-offs: Techniques that allow for rapid note changes without re-picking the string. - Bending: Pushing or pulling a string across a fret to raise the pitch. - Barre Chords: Using one finger to press down multiple strings at the same fret, allowing for chord shapes to be moved up and down the neck.

Maintenance

Fret maintenance is crucial for the playability and longevity of an instrument. This can include polishing frets, re-crowning worn frets, or a complete fret replacement, known as a refret.

Conclusion

Frets are integral to the design and function of many stringed instruments, facilitating precise pitch changes and a wide range of musical expression. Understanding the types, history, and maintenance of frets can enhance both the playing and the care of these instruments.