Froghopper

Phymatostetha Deschampsi Karalakam

Spittlebug nymph (unknown species), East Lyn River, Devon, UK - Diliff

Spittlebug4383

Froghopper, also known as spittlebugs, belong to the family Cercopidae within the order Hemiptera. These insects are best known for their nymph stage, during which they produce a frothy mass known as spittle. This article provides an overview of the froghopper, including its life cycle, habitat, and significance.

Description

Froghoppers are small to medium-sized insects, measuring up to 6 mm in length. They are characterized by their strong hind legs, which allow them to jump distances many times their body length, earning them the name froghopper. The adults are typically brown or green, camouflaging well with their surroundings.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of a froghopper includes egg, nymph, and adult stages. Females lay eggs in plant tissue during the late summer or fall. The eggs overwinter and hatch in the spring. The nymphs, often referred to as spittlebugs, then begin to feed on plant sap, excreting a frothy substance that serves as protection against predators and moisture loss. This frothy mass is commonly seen on plants and is a telltale sign of spittlebug presence. After several molts, the nymphs emerge as adults ready to mate and continue the cycle.

Habitat

Froghoppers are found in a wide range of habitats, including gardens, meadows, and forests. They are common in temperate regions around the world. These insects prefer areas with abundant vegetation, as they feed on plant sap.

Ecological Significance

Froghoppers play a role in the ecosystem both as prey and as herbivores. While they can cause damage to plants by feeding on sap, they are also an important food source for many predators, including birds and spiders. Additionally, the spittle produced by nymphs can help to increase moisture retention around plants, potentially benefiting the plant in dry conditions.

Control

In most cases, froghoppers do not cause significant damage to plants, and control measures are not necessary. However, in cases of severe infestation, removing the froth and nymphs by hand or using water to wash them off can be effective. Chemical controls are rarely recommended due to the potential harm to beneficial insects and the environment.

Conclusion

Froghoppers, with their unique life cycle and ability to jump great distances, are fascinating insects. While they can be a nuisance to gardeners and farmers, their ecological role and the intriguing spittle nests of their nymphs make them an interesting subject of study.