Functional foods

Functional Foods

A Functional food is a type of food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition. These foods contain bioactive compounds that may help prevent or manage certain diseases and health conditions. The concept of functional foods originated in Japan in the 1980s, and has since gained popularity worldwide.

Definition and Classification

Functional foods are typically classified into three categories: conventional foods, modified foods, and medical foods. Conventional foods are unmodified and naturally contain beneficial compounds. Modified foods have been fortified, enriched, or enhanced with additional nutrients or bioactive compounds. Medical foods are formulated to be consumed under the supervision of a physician for the management of a specific health condition.

Health Benefits

Functional foods offer potential health benefits that may reduce the risk of disease or promote optimal health. These benefits are often related to the prevention of diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Some functional foods are also believed to enhance immune system function, improve digestive health, and support mental health.

Regulation

The regulation of functional foods varies by country. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees the regulation of these products. In the European Union, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of functional foods.

Examples of Functional Foods

Examples of functional foods include oats, which contain beta-glucan, a type of fiber that can help lower cholesterol levels; tomatoes, which contain lycopene, a phytochemical that may reduce the risk of prostate cancer; and yogurt, which contains probiotics, beneficial bacteria that can support digestive health.

Criticism and Controversy

Despite their potential benefits, functional foods have also been the subject of criticism and controversy. Some critics argue that the health claims made by manufacturers of these products are often exaggerated or unsupported by scientific evidence. Others express concern about the potential for functional foods to encourage unhealthy eating habits by promoting the idea that certain foods can compensate for poor dietary choices.

See Also

• Nutraceutical
• Health food
• Dietary supplement
• Food fortification

Nutrition information of Functional foods

• USDA on Functional foods