Gastric glands

Gastric glands are specialized structures found in the lining of the stomach. They play a crucial role in the process of digestion by secreting gastric juice, a mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and mucus.

Structure

Gastric glands are located in the gastric mucosa, or the mucous membrane layer of the stomach. They are found in the gastric pits, which are narrow channels leading from the stomach surface into the deeper layers of the mucosa. Each gland contains several types of cells that each produce different components of gastric juice.

Function

The primary function of the gastric glands is to produce and secrete gastric juice. This fluid aids in the digestion of food in the stomach. The different types of cells in the gastric glands produce different components of gastric juice:

• Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid, which helps to break down food and activate digestive enzymes.
• Chief cells produce the enzyme pepsinogen, which is converted into the active enzyme pepsin in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
• Mucous cells produce mucus, which coats the stomach lining and protects it from the corrosive effects of hydrochloric acid.
• Enteroendocrine cells produce various hormones that help to regulate the digestive process.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function or structure of the gastric glands can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, can occur if the glands produce too much acid. On the other hand, atrophic gastritis can occur if the glands are damaged and unable to produce enough acid. Gastric glands can also be affected by stomach cancer, which can cause them to function abnormally or be destroyed.

See also

• Digestive system
• Stomach
• Gastric juice
• Gastric pit
• Gastric mucosa

References

Gastric glands Resources
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