GWAS

GWAS or Genome-Wide Association Studies are a type of observational study of the genome that is used to identify genetic associations with observable traits. This method involves scanning markers across complete sets of DNA, or genomes, of many people to find genetic variations associated with a particular disease.

Overview

GWAS are used to examine many common genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. These studies are particularly useful in finding genetic variations that contribute to common, complex diseases, such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and mental illnesses.

Methodology

The methodology of a GWAS involves several steps. First, the genomes of many individuals are scanned to identify genetic markers that can be used to track the inheritance of disease traits. These markers are often single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Once the genetic markers are identified, they are tested for association with observable traits.

Limitations

While GWAS have been successful in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases, they also have limitations. These include the inability to identify rare variants, the need for large sample sizes, and the difficulty in determining the functional significance of associated variants.

Applications

GWAS have been used in a variety of applications, including the study of genetic diseases, the identification of genetic markers for drug response, and the study of complex traits such as height and weight.

See Also

• Genetics
• Genome
• Genetic Variation
• Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• Genetic Markers

GWAS Resources
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