Garcinia humilis

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Garcinia humilis, commonly known as achachairú or achacha, is a tropical fruit native to the Amazon Basin and widely cultivated in Bolivia. It belongs to the Clusiaceae family, which includes other well-known species such as the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). This article provides an overview of Garcinia humilis, including its description, cultivation, and uses.

Description

Garcinia humilis is a small to medium-sized tree that can reach up to 5-15 meters in height. The tree is evergreen, featuring glossy, dark green leaves and producing small, pink flowers. The fruit of the Garcinia humilis tree is oval-shaped, about 4-6 cm in length, with a bright orange to red skin when ripe. The flesh of the fruit is white, with a texture similar to that of the lychee, and contains 1-3 seeds. The taste of the achacha is often described as tangy and refreshing, with a hint of sweetness.

Cultivation

Garcinia humilis is primarily grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with Bolivia being the main producer. The tree prefers well-drained, fertile soil and a position in full sun or partial shade. It is relatively drought-tolerant once established but requires regular watering during the initial growth phase. Garcinia humilis trees can be propagated from seeds, although they may take several years to bear fruit. Grafting is another common propagation method, which can result in earlier fruit production.

Uses

The fruit of the Garcinia humilis is consumed fresh and is also used in the preparation of beverages, desserts, and jams. In addition to its culinary uses, the achacha is valued for its potential health benefits. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and potassium. The rind of the fruit is sometimes used in traditional medicine and has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and weight loss properties.

Conservation

While Garcinia humilis is not currently listed as endangered, its habitat in the Amazon Basin is under threat from deforestation and agricultural expansion. Efforts to cultivate the achacha outside its native range, such as in Australia and other tropical regions, may help to reduce pressure on wild populations and promote the conservation of this species.