Gastric gland

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Gastric fluid, also known as gastric juice, is a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach. It is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The acid plays a key role in digestion of proteins, by activating digestive enzymes, and making ingested proteins unravel so that digestive enzymes can break down the long chains of amino acids.

Composition[edit | edit source]

Gastric fluid is composed of several elements, each playing a crucial role in the process of digestion.

Function[edit | edit source]

The main function of gastric fluid is to activate digestive enzymes that break down proteins, to act as a barrier to pathogens and to facilitate the absorption of various substances.

  • Digestion: Gastric fluid contains several enzymes, including pepsin, that break down proteins into smaller, more easily absorbed substances. Without gastric fluid, the body would have difficulty digesting and absorbing proteins.
  • Barrier to pathogens: The highly acidic environment in the stomach helps to kill many pathogens that are ingested with food.
  • Absorption: Gastric fluid helps to facilitate the absorption of various substances, including certain medications and nutrients.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Abnormalities in the production or functioning of gastric fluid can lead to several health problems.

  • Gastritis: This is inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by a bacterial infection. It can lead to an increase in the production of gastric fluid, which can cause a burning sensation in the stomach.
  • Peptic ulcer: This is a sore on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. It can be caused by an increase in the production of gastric fluid.
  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: This is a rare disorder, where increased levels of the hormone gastrin cause an increase in gastric fluid production. This can lead to the formation of peptic ulcers.


Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD