Ginkgophyta

Ginkgophyta

Ginkgophyta, also known as the ginkgo or maidenhair tree, is a unique and ancient division of non-flowering plants. It is represented by a single extant species, *Ginkgo biloba*, which is often referred to as a living fossil due to its long evolutionary history and morphological similarity to its fossilized ancestors.

Description

Ginkgophyta are large, deciduous trees that can grow up to 35 meters in height. They are characterized by their distinctive fan-shaped leaves, which are bilobed and have a unique dichotomous venation pattern. The leaves turn a bright yellow in the autumn before falling off.

The reproductive structures of ginkgos are also unique. They are dioecious, meaning that male and female reproductive organs are on separate trees. Male trees produce small pollen cones, while female trees produce ovules that develop into seeds with a fleshy outer layer, often mistaken for fruit.

Evolutionary History

Ginkgophyta has a long evolutionary history, with fossil records dating back to the Permian period, over 270 million years ago. The division was once much more diverse, with numerous species spread across the globe. However, most of these species became extinct, and today, *Ginkgo biloba* is the only surviving member.

Distribution and Habitat

• Ginkgo biloba* is native to China, where it has been cultivated for centuries. It is often found in temple gardens and is considered sacred in some cultures. Due to its resilience and adaptability, it has been widely planted in urban areas around the world.

Uses

Ginkgo is valued for its medicinal properties. Extracts from its leaves are used in traditional medicine and are believed to improve memory and cognitive function. The seeds are also consumed in some cultures, although they must be prepared properly to avoid toxicity.

Conservation

Despite its ancient lineage, *Ginkgo biloba* is not considered endangered. It is widely cultivated and has a stable population in its native range. However, conservation efforts focus on preserving its genetic diversity and natural habitats.

Also see

• Gymnosperm
• Cycadophyta
• Coniferophyta
• Plant evolution
• Fossil plants