Graves

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. The disease is named after Sir Robert Graves, an Irish doctor who first described the condition in the early 19th century.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Graves' disease can vary greatly from person to person. Some people may have many symptoms, while others may have only a few. Common symptoms include:

• Anxiety and irritability
• Fatigue or weakness
• Heat intolerance
• Tremor of the hands or fingers
• Weight loss or increased appetite
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter)
• Changes in menstrual cycles
• Erectile dysfunction or reduced libido
• Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
• Bulging eyes (Graves' ophthalmopathy)
• Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet (Graves' dermopathy)

Causes

Graves' disease is caused by a malfunction in the body's immune system. Instead of protecting the body from invaders such as bacteria and viruses, the immune system produces an antibody called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that attacks the thyroid gland. This causes the thyroid to produce more thyroid hormone than the body needs, leading to hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Graves' disease typically involves a physical examination and medical history, as well as tests to measure the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone in the blood. Imaging tests and a test to measure the level of TSI in the blood may also be used.

Treatment

Treatment for Graves' disease aims to reduce the amount of thyroid hormone in the body to normal levels. This can be achieved through medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. The best treatment option will depend on the patient's age, overall health, the severity of the disease, and the patient's personal preference.

See also

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid
• Autoimmune disease

Graves Resources
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