Hand arm vibrations

Hand-Arm Vibrations

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ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for vibration exposure

Hand-arm vibrations (HAV) refer to the mechanical vibrations transmitted from a tool or work process into the hands and arms of a person. These vibrations can cause a range of health issues, collectively known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), which includes vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Sources of Hand-Arm Vibrations

Hand-arm vibrations are commonly encountered in various occupational settings where workers use hand-held power tools or machinery. Common sources include:

• Pneumatic drills
• Chainsaws
• Grinders
• Impact wrenches

These tools generate vibrations that are transmitted through the handle into the user's hands and arms.

Health Effects

Vascular Disorders

One of the primary health effects of hand-arm vibrations is the development of vascular disorders, such as vibration white finger (VWF). This condition is characterized by episodic blanching of the fingers due to impaired blood circulation. Over time, repeated exposure can lead to permanent damage to the blood vessels.

Neurological Disorders

Hand-arm vibrations can also cause neurological damage, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and loss of sensation in the fingers. This is often due to damage to the peripheral nerves in the hands and arms.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Prolonged exposure to hand-arm vibrations can result in musculoskeletal disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome and other repetitive strain injuries. These conditions can cause pain, weakness, and reduced grip strength.

Prevention and Control

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Preventing hand-arm vibration syndrome involves several strategies:

• Tool Selection: Choosing tools with lower vibration emissions can significantly reduce exposure.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance of tools to ensure they are in good working condition can help minimize vibrations.
• Work Practices: Implementing work practices that reduce the duration and intensity of exposure, such as job rotation and rest breaks.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Using anti-vibration gloves can help reduce the transmission of vibrations to the hands.

Regulations and Guidelines

Various organizations have established guidelines and regulations to limit exposure to hand-arm vibrations. For example, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provides Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for vibration exposure, which are designed to protect workers from the adverse health effects of vibrations.

Related Pages

• Occupational safety and health
• Ergonomics
• Vibration white finger
• Carpal tunnel syndrome