Hedge garlic

Hedera helix, commonly known as English ivy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to most of Europe and western Asia. It is an evergreen climbing plant, growing to 20–30 m high where suitable surfaces (trees, cliffs, walls) are available, and also growing as groundcover where there are no vertical surfaces.

Description

The leaves of Hedera helix can be of two types. On climbing stems, the leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with 5 lobes, and range from 5–10 cm long and wide. On flowering stems, the leaves are oval and unlobed, and they are less than 5 cm long and wide. The flowers are produced from late summer until late autumn, individually small, in 3–5 cm diameter umbels. Each flower has five small yellow-green petals, they are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by bees.

Cultivation and uses

Hedera helix is a popular garden plant in many parts of the world and has been introduced to many areas beyond its native range, including North America and Australasia. It is often used as a groundcover, especially in shady areas, and it is also frequently used for climbing up trees, walls, and fences.

Invasive species

In some areas, such as the Pacific Northwest of North America, Hedera helix has become an invasive species, outcompeting native vegetation and altering habitats. It can also cause damage to buildings and other structures with its strong root system.

Medicinal uses

Historically, Hedera helix was used in folk medicine for a variety of ailments. Modern research has shown that it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it is used in some cough medicines.

See also

• Invasive species
• Araliaceae
• English ivy

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