Host cell

Host Cell

A host cell is a living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli. In the context of biology, a host cell is often referred to as a mother cell.

Overview

A host cell provides the necessary environment for a virus or other parasite to replicate or carry out its other functions. The host cell provides the energy and raw materials for the virus to reproduce. The virus uses the host cell's machinery to replicate its own genetic material and to manufacture its own proteins.

Host Cell Interaction with Viruses

When a virus infects a host cell, it takes over the cell's machinery and forces it to produce more viruses. This process is called viral replication. The newly produced viruses then leave the host cell, often killing it in the process, and go on to infect other cells.

Host Cell Interaction with Parasites

Parasites, like viruses, also use host cells to reproduce and carry out their functions. However, unlike viruses, parasites often live inside the host cell and can alter its function in ways that are harmful to the host organism.

Host Cell Defense Mechanisms

Host cells have several defense mechanisms to protect themselves against viral and parasitic infections. These include the production of interferon, a protein that interferes with viral replication, and the activation of the immune system, which can recognize and destroy infected cells.

See Also

• Virus
• Parasite
• Viral replication
• Interferon
• Immune system

Host cell Resources
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