Human thorax

Human Thorax

The human thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy located between the neck and the abdomen. It is a major and vital structure that houses several organs, primarily those involved in the respiratory system and cardiovascular system.

File:Thorax section.svg

Section of the human thorax

Structure

The human thorax consists of the thoracic cavity, which is enclosed by the rib cage, sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae. The thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels.

Rib Cage

The rib cage is a bony structure that provides protection to the organs in the thorax. It is composed of 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, and 12 thoracic vertebrae.

Sternum

The sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus providing support and protection.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The thoracic vertebrae are a group of twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk. They provide structural support and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs.

Organs

Heart

The heart is a vital organ located in the thorax, slightly to the left of the center. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

Lungs

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). They are the primary organs of the respiratory system, responsible for inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. It passes through the thorax, carrying swallowed masses of chewed food along its course.

Clinical Significance

The thorax is subject to many diseases, including pneumonia, lung cancer, pleural effusion, and thoracic aortic aneurysm. Diagnosis and treatment of these conditions often require medical imaging of the thorax, such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

See Also

• Thoracic surgery
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Thoracic wall