Ibuprofen brand names

Ibuprofen Brand Names

Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is available under various brand names across the globe. It is commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. This article provides an overview of the different brand names under which ibuprofen is marketed.

Overview

Ibuprofen was first introduced in 1969 and has since become one of the most commonly used medications worldwide. It is available both over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the dosage and formulation. The drug works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, substances in the body that mediate inflammation and pain.

Common Brand Names

Ibuprofen is marketed under numerous brand names, which can vary by country and manufacturer. Some of the most well-known brand names include:

• Advil: One of the most recognized brands, Advil is widely available in many countries and is often used for the relief of headaches, muscle aches, and minor arthritis pain.

• Motrin: Another popular brand, Motrin is often recommended for similar uses as Advil, including pain relief and fever reduction.

• Nurofen: Commonly used in Europe and Australia, Nurofen is available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and gels.

• Brufen: Known in several countries, Brufen is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as arthritis.

• Ibugesic: Available in some Asian countries, Ibugesic is used for pain relief and fever reduction.

International Variations

The availability and naming of ibuprofen brands can vary significantly by region. In some countries, ibuprofen is sold under generic names or local brands that may not be as well-known internationally. It is important for consumers to be aware of the active ingredient in their medication to avoid accidental overdose or interactions with other drugs.

Also see

• Ibuprofen
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Pain management
• Fever
• Prostaglandin

Engineered Monoclonal Antibodies

Diagram of engineered monoclonal antibodies

Engineered monoclonal antibodies are a class of biological therapies that are designed to target specific antigens on the surface of cells. These antibodies are produced using recombinant DNA technologies and are used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

Structure and Function

Monoclonal antibodies are composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, forming a Y-shaped molecule. The tips of the "Y" contain the antigen-binding sites, which are highly specific to the target antigen. This specificity allows monoclonal antibodies to bind to their target with high affinity, blocking or modulating the function of the antigen.

Types of Engineered Monoclonal Antibodies

There are several types of engineered monoclonal antibodies, each designed for specific therapeutic purposes:

• Chimeric antibodies: These antibodies are composed of murine (mouse) variable regions and human constant regions. They are less immunogenic than fully murine antibodies.

• Humanized antibodies: These antibodies are mostly human, with only the antigen-binding sites derived from murine sources. This reduces the risk of immune reactions.

• Fully human antibodies: These are entirely human in origin, produced using transgenic mice or phage display technologies.

• Bispecific antibodies: These antibodies are engineered to bind two different antigens simultaneously, offering unique therapeutic mechanisms.

Applications in Medicine

Engineered monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases:

• Cancer therapy: Monoclonal antibodies can target specific tumor antigens, leading to direct tumor cell killing or recruitment of immune cells to attack the tumor.

• Autoimmune diseases: By targeting specific components of the immune system, monoclonal antibodies can reduce inflammation and tissue damage in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

• Infectious diseases: Monoclonal antibodies can neutralize pathogens or their toxins, providing passive immunity or enhancing the host's immune response.

Production

The production of engineered monoclonal antibodies involves several steps:

1. Antigen identification: The target antigen is identified and characterized. 2. Hybridoma technology: B cells from immunized animals are fused with myeloma cells to create hybridomas that produce the desired antibody. 3. Recombinant DNA technology: Genes encoding the antibody are cloned and expressed in suitable host cells, such as Chinese hamster ovary cells. 4. Purification and formulation: The antibodies are purified and formulated for clinical use.

Challenges and Future Directions

While engineered monoclonal antibodies have shown great promise, there are challenges such as high production costs, potential for immune reactions, and the development of resistance. Ongoing research aims to improve antibody design, reduce immunogenicity, and enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Related Pages

• Monoclonal antibody therapy
• Biopharmaceutical
• Immunotherapy
• Hybridoma technology