Interleukin-18

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a cytokine that plays an important role in the immune system. It is a member of the interleukin family and is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. IL-18 is produced by macrophages and other cells and is known for its ability to induce the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which is crucial for the activation of T cells and natural killer cells.

Function

IL-18 is primarily involved in the immune response against pathogens and has a role in inflammation. It enhances the activity of natural killer cells and T-helper 1 cells, promoting the production of IFN-γ. This cytokine is also involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Structure

IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive precursor and requires processing by caspase-1 to become active. The active form of IL-18 is a mature protein that can bind to its receptor, the interleukin-18 receptor, to exert its biological effects.

Clinical Significance

Elevated levels of IL-18 have been associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. It is considered a potential biomarker for disease activity in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Crohn's disease.

Therapeutic Potential

Due to its role in inflammation and immune regulation, IL-18 is a target for therapeutic intervention. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-18 and is being explored as a treatment option for diseases characterized by excessive IL-18 activity.

See Also

• Cytokine
• Interleukin
• Immune system
• Inflammation

External Links

• IL18 gene - NCBI
• IL18 protein - UniProt