Interleukin-21
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a protein and cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is produced by T cells, specifically the T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and has a variety of effects on immune cells.
Structure[edit | edit source]
IL-21 is a member of the IL-2 family of cytokines. It is a four-α-helix bundle protein, similar in structure to other members of the IL-2 family. The gene encoding IL-21 is located on chromosome 4 in humans.
Function[edit | edit source]
IL-21 has a broad range of effects on the immune system. It is involved in the differentiation and proliferation of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells. It also promotes the production of antibodies by B cells and enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Due to its role in the immune response, IL-21 has been implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. It is also being investigated for its potential use in cancer immunotherapy.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
