Intravenous fluids

Intravenous fluids are fluids that are intended to be administered directly into the vein. They are commonly used in medical treatment to rehydrate patients or to provide nutrients to those who cannot consume food or water by mouth.

Types of Intravenous Fluids

There are several types of intravenous fluids, each with a specific purpose and composition.

• Crystalloids: These are solutions of minerals and other water-soluble molecules. They are often used for rehydration and electrolyte replacement. Examples include Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride), Ringer's lactate, and Dextrose 5% in water.

• Colloids: These are solutions that contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; they are used to increase blood volume quickly. Examples include Albumin, Hydroxyethyl starch, and Gelofusine.

• Blood products: These are used to replace lost blood components. Examples include Whole blood, Packed red blood cells, and Fresh frozen plasma.

Indications for Use

Intravenous fluids are used in a variety of medical situations. They are often used in dehydration, shock, surgery, and in patients who are unable to eat or drink. They can also be used to deliver medications directly into the bloodstream for faster absorption.

Risks and Complications

While intravenous fluids are generally safe, they can cause complications in some cases. These can include infection, air embolism, and fluid overload. The risk of these complications can be reduced by careful monitoring and appropriate use of intravenous fluids.

Administration

Intravenous fluids are usually administered through a cannula inserted into a vein, typically in the arm or hand. The rate of fluid administration can be controlled with an infusion pump or manually adjusted by a healthcare professional.

See Also

• Intravenous therapy
• Parenteral nutrition
• Fluid replacement