Laryngotracheal tube

Laryngotracheal tube is a medical device used in anesthesia and emergency medicine for airway management. It is inserted into the trachea through the larynx to ensure an open airway and to provide a conduit for mechanical ventilation.

History

The laryngotracheal tube was first introduced in the late 19th century by Frederic Hewitt, a British anesthetist. It was initially made from rubber and was designed to be inserted blindly into the trachea. Over the years, the design and material of the tube have evolved, with modern tubes being made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and featuring a cuff to seal the trachea and prevent aspiration.

Design and Function

A laryngotracheal tube is typically a flexible tube made from PVC. It has a rounded tip to minimize trauma during insertion and a cuff near the distal end that can be inflated to seal the trachea. The tube is connected to a ventilation device, such as a bag-valve-mask or a mechanical ventilator, to deliver oxygen and other gases to the lungs.

The primary function of the laryngotracheal tube is to maintain an open airway in patients who are unable to breathe on their own or who require mechanical ventilation. It is also used to protect the airway during surgery and to prevent aspiration of stomach contents in patients with a high risk of vomiting.

Insertion

The insertion of a laryngotracheal tube is typically performed by a trained healthcare professional, such as an anesthesiologist or emergency medicine physician. The procedure involves visualizing the larynx using a laryngoscope and then guiding the tube into the trachea. Once the tube is in place, the cuff is inflated to secure the tube and seal the trachea.

Complications

While laryngotracheal intubation is a common procedure, it is not without risks. Complications can include trauma to the larynx or trachea, aspiration of stomach contents, and incorrect placement of the tube. Long-term use of a laryngotracheal tube can also lead to complications such as tracheal stenosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

See Also

• Endotracheal tube
• Tracheostomy tube
• Laryngoscope
• Mechanical ventilation

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