Lateral gene transfer

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). LGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.

Overview

Lateral gene transfer is the primary reason that bacteria and archaea often have a much larger range of capabilities than their genome size would indicate. The phenomenon also has important implications for genetic engineering and synthetic biology, as it can be used to transfer useful genetic traits from one organism to another.

Mechanisms

There are three basic mechanisms for lateral gene transfer: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Each of these mechanisms involves the transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell, but the specific processes involved vary.

Role in Evolution

Lateral gene transfer has played a major role in the evolution of life on Earth. It has allowed organisms to acquire new traits quickly, without the need for slow, gradual evolution through mutation and natural selection. This has allowed for rapid adaptation to new environments and changes in lifestyle.

See Also

• Gene transfer
• Genetic engineering
• Synthetic biology

References

Lateral gene transfer Resources
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