Lateral horns of spinal cord

Lateral Horns of the Spinal Cord

The lateral horns of the spinal cord are specialized regions found within the gray matter of the spinal cord. They are located in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord, specifically in the intermediolateral cell column. The lateral horns play a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions.

Anatomy

The lateral horns are primarily composed of cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons. These neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the peripheral sympathetic ganglia. The lateral horns are most prominent in the thoracic region of the spinal cord, where they give rise to the sympathetic outflow to various organs and tissues.

Function

The lateral horns are involved in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. When the body perceives a threat or stressor, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to increased heart rate, dilation of blood vessels, and mobilization of energy reserves. The lateral horns play a crucial role in initiating and coordinating these responses.

Clinical Significance

Damage or dysfunction of the lateral horns can have significant clinical implications. For example, damage to the lateral horns in the thoracic region of the spinal cord can result in a condition known as Horner's syndrome. Horner's syndrome is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including drooping of the eyelid (ptosis), constriction of the pupil (miosis), and decreased sweating on one side of the face. These symptoms occur due to disruption of the sympathetic innervation to the head and neck region.

Conclusion

In summary, the lateral horns of the spinal cord are specialized regions within the gray matter that play a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system. They are primarily composed of preganglionic sympathetic neurons and are involved in regulating the sympathetic outflow to various organs and tissues. Dysfunction of the lateral horns can lead to clinical conditions such as Horner's syndrome. Understanding the anatomy and function of the lateral horns is essential for comprehending the complex workings of the autonomic nervous system.

See Also

• Spinal Cord
• Gray Matter
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Horner's Syndrome