Ataxia–telangiectasia
(Redirected from Louis-Bar syndrome)
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, neurodegenerative, autosomal recessive disease causing severe disability. A-T is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, immune defects, and a high rate of cancer.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "ataxia" comes from the Greek word "ataxis" which means "without order or incoordination". The term "telangiectasia" is derived from the Greek words "telos" meaning "end", "angeion" meaning "vessel", and "ektasis" meaning "dilation". This refers to the dilation of end vessels found in patients with the condition.
Symptoms and Signs[edit | edit source]
The symptoms and signs of A-T are diverse and include severe progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, immune defects, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and an increased risk of malignancies, particularly of lymphoid origin.
Causes[edit | edit source]
A-T is caused by a mutation in the ATM gene, which is involved in DNA repair. This mutation leads to a decrease in the production of the ATM protein, which is crucial for the normal function of several other proteins involved in the cell cycle control and DNA repair.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of A-T is based on clinical features, laboratory findings of IgA deficiency and increased alpha-fetoprotein, and molecular genetic testing of the ATM gene.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
There is currently no cure for A-T. Treatment is supportive and includes physical and occupational therapy, gamma-globulin injections to boost the immune system, and high-dose vitamins.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with A-T is poor. Most people with A-T become wheelchair-bound by their teens and do not survive past their early twenties.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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Ocular telangiectasia in a person with A-T
Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern
Alu element ATM insertion
Characteristics of the ATM protein
ATM and the immune system
Comparison of rare genetic disorders that can be confused with A-T
Mechanism of action of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)
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