Lumpy jaw

Lumpy jaw, also known as Actinomycosis, is a rare, chronic bacterial infection characterized by large abscesses, and inflammation that often involves the face and neck. It is caused by the bacterium Actinomyces israelii.

Causes

The bacterium Actinomyces israelii is a normal inhabitant of the mouth and throat. However, it can cause infection if it gets into the tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. The infection can also occur in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), lungs, and other parts of the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lumpy jaw can vary depending on the area of the body that is affected. In the most common form, which affects the face and neck, symptoms may include:

• A hard, painful swelling in one side of the neck
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Night sweats
• The formation of sinus tracts that may drain to the skin

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lumpy jaw is often difficult because it can mimic other diseases. It is usually confirmed by identifying Actinomyces israelii in a sample of tissue from the infected area.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often for several months. Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lumpy jaw is generally good. However, the infection can cause significant long-term damage if not treated promptly.

Epidemiology

Lumpy jaw is rare, with most cases occurring in people who have poor oral hygiene or who have had recent dental surgery. It is more common in men than in women, and most often affects adults, although it can occur at any age.

See also

• Oral hygiene
• Abscess
• Antibiotics