Dimercaptosuccinic acid

Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), also known as succimer, is a medication used to treat lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning. It is less commonly used for other types of metal poisoning. It is taken by mouth.

Etymology

The term "Dimercaptosuccinic acid" is derived from its chemical structure. "Di" means two, "mercapto" refers to the presence of sulfur, and "succinic acid" is a type of dicarboxylic acid. Succimer is a contraction of the full chemical name.

Medical uses

DMSA is primarily used to treat lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, and arsenic poisoning. It works by binding to the metals in the body, which are then excreted in the urine. It is less commonly used for other types of metal poisoning.

Side effects

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions, liver problems, and low white blood cell levels. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby.

Pharmacology

DMSA is a water-soluble, non-toxic, orally administered, metal chelator which has been in use as an antidote to heavy metal toxicity since the 1950s. It works by binding to metals in the body, which are then excreted in the urine.

History

DMSA was first synthesized in the 1950s as a possible treatment for radiation sickness, but it was not until the 1970s that its effectiveness in treating lead poisoning was recognized.

See also

• Chelation therapy
• Heavy metal (chemistry)
• Toxicology

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