Maternal mortality rate

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a critical health indicator that measures the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births within a given population, typically calculated on an annual basis. Maternal death refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Definition and Measurement

The MMR is used to assess the quality of a health care system, particularly in the context of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. It is a key indicator for global health and development, highlighting disparities in access to and quality of medical care for women during and after pregnancy.

Global Impact

Globally, the MMR varies significantly between developed and developing countries, with the vast majority of maternal deaths occurring in poorer regions. Factors contributing to high MMR include lack of access to health care, inadequate medical facilities, high rates of poverty, and insufficient prenatal care. International organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations work towards reducing the MMR through various programs and initiatives as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3 which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Preventive Measures

Efforts to reduce the MMR focus on improving prenatal care, ensuring skilled care during childbirth, and providing adequate postnatal care. Education on family planning and reproductive health, increasing the availability of contraceptives, and improving health infrastructure are also crucial.

Challenges

Challenges in reducing the MMR include socio-economic barriers, cultural practices, and political instability in certain regions. Additionally, accurate data collection and reporting can be difficult in areas with limited healthcare resources.

See Also

• Child mortality
• Health care systems
• Prenatal care
• Reproductive health