Mechlorethamine hydrochloride
An alkylating agent used in cancer treatment
Mechlorethamine hydrochloride, also known as nitrogen mustard, is a chemotherapy agent used primarily in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain types of leukemia. It is an alkylating agent that works by interfering with the DNA replication process in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Mechlorethamine hydrochloride belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. These agents work by adding an alkyl group to the DNA molecule, which results in cross-linking of DNA strands. This cross-linking prevents the DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, effectively halting the cell cycle and leading to cell death. The drug is particularly effective against rapidly dividing cells, which is a hallmark of cancerous tissues.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Mechlorethamine is used in the treatment of:
It is often used in combination with other chemotherapy agents in regimens such as the MOPP protocol (Mechlorethamine, Oncovin, Procarbazine, and Prednisone) for Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Administration[edit | edit source]
Mechlorethamine hydrochloride is typically administered intravenously. Due to its highly reactive nature, it must be handled with care to avoid extravasation, which can cause severe tissue damage. It is also available in a topical form for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of mechlorethamine include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
- Hair loss
- Increased risk of infection
Due to its potential to cause severe side effects, mechlorethamine is usually administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
History[edit | edit source]
Mechlorethamine was one of the first chemotherapy agents developed and was originally derived from mustard gas used in chemical warfare. Its use in medicine began in the 1940s when it was discovered to have effects on lymphoid tissue, leading to its application in treating lymphomas.
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