Mesentery proper

Mesentery Proper

The mesentery proper is an important anatomical structure in the human body, playing a crucial role in the digestive system. It is a fold of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, which attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, thereby maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity. The mesentery proper specifically refers to the part of the mesentery associated with the small intestine, excluding other mesenteric extensions related to the colon and other parts of the intestine.

Anatomy

The mesentery proper extends from the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, to the ileum, the final part. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum with connective tissue between them, which houses blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the intestines. The root of the mesentery proper is attached to the posterior abdominal wall and fans out to enclose the small intestine. This arrangement allows for a high degree of mobility while ensuring that the intestines remain securely anchored.

Function

The primary function of the mesentery proper is to provide a conduit for the blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the intestines. It also helps in maintaining the position of the small intestine within the abdominal cavity, preventing it from becoming entangled. Additionally, the mesentery proper plays a role in the immune response, with the lymphatic vessels carrying lymph from the intestines to the rest of the body, which can contain immune cells and antigens.

Clinical Significance

The mesentery proper can be involved in various pathological conditions. For example, inflammation of the mesentery, known as mesenteritis, can occur, leading to abdominal pain and discomfort. Mesenteric ischemia, which is the loss of blood supply to the mesentery, can cause severe damage to the intestines and is a medical emergency. Furthermore, the mesentery can be a site for the spread of cancer, either from the intestines or from other parts of the body.

Recent Developments

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the mesentery. In 2016, it was proposed that the mesentery should be classified as an organ in its own right, due to its distinct structure, function, and importance in disease. This reclassification has implications for the study of abdominal diseases and their treatment, as well as for our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the human body.

See Also

• Peritoneum
• Small intestine
• Mesenteritis
• Mesenteric ischemia