Microvesicles

Microvesicles are a type of extracellular vesicle that are released from the cell during cell death and cell activation. They are larger than exosomes but smaller than apoptotic bodies, ranging in size from 100-1000 nanometers. Microvesicles are involved in various biological processes, including cell communication, immune response, and disease progression.

Etymology

The term "microvesicle" is derived from the Greek words "micros" meaning small, and "vesica" meaning bladder or sac.

Structure

Microvesicles are composed of a lipid bilayer that encloses a small portion of the cell's cytoplasm. They contain various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules. The composition of microvesicles can vary depending on the type of cell from which they originate and the conditions under which they are produced.

Function

Microvesicles play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. They can transfer their contents, including proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules, to recipient cells. This transfer can influence the behavior of the recipient cells and contribute to various biological processes.

Microvesicles are also involved in the immune response. They can present antigens to immune cells, triggering an immune response. In addition, they can modulate the activity of immune cells, either enhancing or suppressing the immune response.

In the context of disease, microvesicles can contribute to disease progression. For example, in cancer, microvesicles can promote tumor growth and metastasis. They can also contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

Related Terms

• Extracellular vesicles
• Exosomes
• Apoptotic bodies
• Cell communication
• Immune response
• Disease progression

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