Mobile genetic element

Mobile genetic elements are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome. This movement can lead to genetic variation, which can be beneficial for the survival of a species. Mobile genetic elements include transposons, retrotransposons, and integrons.

Types of Mobile Genetic Elements

Transposons

Transposons, also known as "jumping genes", are sequences of DNA that can move from one location in the genome to another. They do this by a process called transposition, which involves the cutting and pasting of the transposon sequence. Transposons can cause mutations if they insert themselves into functional genes.

Retrotransposons

Retrotransposons are similar to transposons, but they use a different mechanism to move around the genome. Instead of cutting and pasting, retrotransposons use a copy and paste mechanism. This involves the creation of an RNA intermediate, which is then reverse transcribed into DNA and inserted into a new location in the genome.

Integrons

Integrons are mobile genetic elements that can capture and carry gene cassettes. They are often associated with antibiotic resistance in bacteria, as they can capture and spread resistance genes.

Role in Evolution

Mobile genetic elements play a significant role in evolution. By creating genetic variation, they can drive the evolution of new species. They can also cause diseases, such as cancer, if they insert themselves into functional genes and disrupt their normal function.

See Also

• Genetics
• Genome
• Mutation
• Evolution

Mobile genetic element Resources
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