Moxalactam
| Moxalactam.svg | |
Moxalactam is a beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the oxacephem class. It is used primarily for its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Moxalactam is particularly noted for its efficacy against anaerobic bacteria, making it a valuable option in treating mixed infections.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Moxalactam, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer. This inhibition leads to the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately causes cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Moxalactam is administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes. It is well-distributed throughout the body, including the cerebrospinal fluid, which makes it useful in treating central nervous system infections. The drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, and its elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Moxalactam is used to treat a variety of infections, including:
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Septicemia
Adverse Effects[edit | edit source]
Common adverse effects of moxalactam include:
- Hypersensitivity reactions, such as rash and anaphylaxis
- Gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea and diarrhea
- Hematological effects, such as thrombocytopenia and neutropenia
Resistance[edit | edit source]
Resistance to moxalactam can occur through various mechanisms, including the production of beta-lactamases that hydrolyze the antibiotic, alterations in PBPs, and changes in bacterial permeability.
History[edit | edit source]
Moxalactam was developed in the late 1970s and was one of the first oxacephem antibiotics to be introduced. It was initially marketed under the trade name Latamoxef.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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