Chlormethine

A chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer

Chlormethine
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Chlormethine, also known as mechlorethamine, is a chemotherapy agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is classified as an alkylating agent, which means it works by adding an alkyl group to the DNA of cancer cells, thereby preventing their replication and leading to cell death.

Mechanism of Action

Chlormethine functions as an alkylating agent by forming covalent bonds with the DNA of cancer cells. This process involves the transfer of an alkyl group to the DNA, which results in cross-linking of DNA strands. This cross-linking inhibits DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The drug is particularly effective against rapidly dividing cells, which is a characteristic of cancer cells.

Medical Uses

Chlormethine is primarily used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain types of leukemia. It is also used in combination with other chemotherapy agents in various treatment regimens. The drug is administered intravenously, and its dosage is carefully calculated based on the patient's body surface area and the specific type of cancer being treated.

Side Effects

The use of chlormethine can lead to a range of side effects, which are common with many chemotherapy drugs. These include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression, which is a decrease in the production of blood cells. Patients may also experience local irritation at the site of injection. Long-term use of chlormethine can increase the risk of developing secondary malignancies due to its mutagenic potential.

History

Chlormethine was one of the first chemotherapy agents developed and was initially used during World War II as a chemical warfare agent. Its potential as a cancer treatment was discovered when it was observed to cause a reduction in white blood cell counts. This led to its development as a therapeutic agent for lymphomas and leukemias.

Chemical Properties

Chemical structure of Chlormethine

Chlormethine is a nitrogen mustard compound, characterized by the presence of a bis(2-chloroethyl)amine group. This structure is responsible for its alkylating activity. The drug is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and is highly reactive, which necessitates careful handling and storage.

Pharmacokinetics

After intravenous administration, chlormethine is rapidly distributed throughout the body. It has a short half-life due to its rapid reaction with cellular components. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine. Due to its high reactivity, chlormethine does not accumulate in tissues, which helps to limit its toxicity.

Related Pages

• Alkylating agent
• Chemotherapy
• Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Leukemia