Neutralizing antibodies

Neutralizing Antibodies

Neutralizing antibodies are a type of antibody that defend a cell from a pathogen or infectious particle by neutralizing any effect it has biologically. They are part of the immune system's response to infections, including those caused by viruses and bacteria.

Function

Neutralizing antibodies function by binding to a pathogen in a way that blocks its ability to infect a host's cells. This is often achieved by preventing the pathogen from binding to the host cell's receptors, which it needs to do to initiate an infection. In the case of viruses, neutralizing antibodies can also prevent the release of viral particles, thereby stopping the spread of the virus within the host.

Role in Immunity

The production of neutralizing antibodies is a key aspect of the adaptive immune response, particularly in response to viral infections. Once produced, these antibodies can provide long-term protection against the pathogen. This is the principle behind vaccination, where a harmless form of the pathogen is introduced to the body to stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies.

Measurement

The presence and quantity of neutralizing antibodies in a person's blood can be measured using a neutralization test. This test can be used to determine whether a person has immunity to a particular pathogen.

Role in Disease Treatment

Neutralizing antibodies have potential in the treatment of diseases. For example, they are being investigated for use in the treatment of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The idea is to use the neutralizing antibodies from the blood of people who have recovered from COVID-19 to help treat those who are seriously ill with the disease.

See Also

• Antibody
• Immune system
• Vaccination
• Neutralization test
• COVID-19