Nightshade

Nightshade is a common name for over 2,700 species of plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. This family includes some of the most economically important vegetable crops and ornamental plants, as well as a number of toxic plants.

Description

Nightshade plants are characterized by their diverse growth habits, ranging from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and sometimes even subshrubs. They bear simple or pinnate leaves and often have stem or leaf hairs. The flowers are generally hermaphrodite, with five petals, and are usually white, purple or blue. The fruits are berries or capsules.

Distribution and habitat

Nightshades are found in a wide variety of habitats, from deserts to wet forests, and from sea level to high mountains. They are native to all continents except Antarctica.

Economic importance

Many members of the Solanaceae family are economically important. For example, the tomato, potato, eggplant, and bell pepper are all members of the nightshade family. These plants are important food crops. Other members of the family, such as tobacco, are important for their alkaloids.

Toxicity

Many nightshades contain toxic alkaloids. These can be harmful or deadly if ingested, especially in large amounts. Some nightshades, like the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), are particularly dangerous.

See also

• List of Solanaceae genera
• Solanum
• Atropa belladonna

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