Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.

Classification

NSAIDs are usually classified based on their chemical structure. Classes include salicylates, propionic acid derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, enolic acid (Oxicam) derivatives, anthranilic acid derivatives (fenamates), and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Mechanism of action

NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2). In cells, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of key biological mediators, namely prostaglandins which are involved in inflammation, and thromboxanes, which are involved in blood clotting.

Uses

NSAIDs are used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. In addition, some NSAIDs, such as aspirin, have antiplatelet effects and are used in long-term low-doses to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Side effects

Common side effects of NSAIDs include stomach upset, heartburn, and a rash. More severe side effects include kidney problems, stomach ulcers, and an increased risk of heart disease.

See also

• Analgesic
• Antipyretic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin
• Thromboxane

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Resources
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