Gall

Comprehensive overview of gallbladder function and related medical conditions

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. It plays a crucial role in the digestive system by storing and concentrating bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Anatomy

The gallbladder is approximately 7 to 10 centimeters long and can hold about 30 to 50 milliliters of bile. It is divided into three parts: the fundus, body, and neck. The neck of the gallbladder connects to the cystic duct, which then joins the common bile duct.

Function

The primary function of the gallbladder is to store bile produced by the liver. When food, especially fatty food, enters the small intestine, the hormone cholecystokinin is released, signaling the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine through the bile ducts. This process aids in the emulsification and digestion of fats.

Gallbladder Disorders

Several medical conditions can affect the gallbladder, leading to various symptoms and complications.

Gallstones

Gallstones are solid particles that form from bile cholesterol and bilirubin in the gallbladder. They can vary in size and may cause blockages in the bile ducts, leading to pain and inflammation. Symptoms of gallstones include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. This condition can lead to severe abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice. Treatment may involve antibiotics or surgical removal of the gallbladder, known as cholecystectomy.

Biliary Dyskinesia

Biliary dyskinesia is a functional disorder where the gallbladder does not empty bile properly. This can cause symptoms similar to gallstones, such as abdominal pain and nausea, but without the presence of stones.

Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but serious condition that can occur in the gallbladder. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of gallbladder disorders often involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Blood tests may also be used to check for signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment options vary depending on the condition. Gallstones may be treated with medications to dissolve the stones or with surgical removal of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis often requires antibiotics and possibly surgery. Biliary dyskinesia may be managed with dietary changes or surgery.

Related pages

• Liver
• Bile duct
• Digestive system
• Cholecystectomy