Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical and emotional symptoms that typically occur one to two weeks before the start of a woman's menstrual period, specifically after ovulation and before menstruation.

Symptoms

The most common physical symptoms include bloating, fatigue, and breast tenderness. Emotional changes can consist of irritability, tension, depression, and anxiety. The severity and range of symptoms can vary significantly from woman to woman.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PMS is unknown. However, it's believed that cyclic changes in hormones, chemical changes in the brain, and certain social, cultural, and psychological factors might play a role. Some women may be more susceptible to PMS due to their genetic makeup.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PMS is usually based on a review of symptoms. Physicians often recommend that patients maintain a symptom diary for several menstrual cycles to help confirm a diagnosis. There are no specific lab tests for PMS, but tests can be done to rule out other conditions that may mimic PMS.

Management and Treatment

Treatment of PMS often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, dietary modifications, and stress management. Over-the-counter remedies can help alleviate physical symptoms, while antidepressants and hormonal contraceptives may be used in more severe cases or for those suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS.

See Also

• Menstrual cycle
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Menopause

References

Premenstrual syndrome Resources
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