Palmer notation

The symbolic system for the permanent dentition was introduced by Adolph Zsigmondy of Vienna in 1861 and then modified for the primary dentition in 1874. Independently, Palmer also published the symbolic system in 1870. The symbolic system is most often referred to as the Palmer notation system in the United States and less frequently as the Zsigmondy/Palmer notation system. In this system the arches are divided into quadrants. For a single tooth such as the maxillary right central incisor, the designation is Aᒧ. For the mandibular left central incisor, the notation is given as ᒥA . This numbering system presents difficulty when an appropriate font is not available for keyboard recording of Zsigmondy/Palmer symbolic notations. For simplification this symbolic notation is often designated as Palmer’s dental notation rather than Zsigmondy/Palmer notation.

The Zsigmondy/Palmer notation for the permanent dentition is a four-quadrant symbolic systemin which, beginning with the central incisors, the teeth are numbered 1 through 8 (or more) in each arch. For example, the right maxillary first molar is designated as 6ᒧ, and the left mandibular central incisor as ᒥ1.

Permanent Dentition upper right - x┘ upper left - └x 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R --------------------------------------------------- L 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lower right - x┐ lower left - ┌x Primary Dentition upper right - x┘ upper left - └x E D C B A | A B C D E R --------------------------------- L E D C B A | A B C D E lower right - x┐ lower left - ┌x I - Incisor C - Canine P - premolar M - molar

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